Bangla to English Grammar এর নিয়োমিত পোস্টে আজকে আমরা Narration নিয়ে আলোচনা করব। চলুন নিচে বিস্তারিত আলোচনা করি।
➡️ Narration কাকে বলে?
বক্তার বক্তব্যকে Narration বলে। বক্তা যা বলে সেটাই Narration।
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| Narration |
➡️ Narration কত প্রকার : Narration দুই প্রকার যথা-
1. Direct Narration.
2. Indirect Narration.
➡️ Direct Narration : Direct Narration এর দুইটি অংশ থাকে। যথা-1) Reporting Verb. 2) Reported Speech.যেমন He said to me " I am ill."
Note: এখানে he said to me এটা Reporting verb এর অংশ। [ Sub= He, Verb = Said, Obj = me, আর বাকী অংশ Reported speech] আমাদেরকে মনে রাখতে হবে সাধারণত said শব্দটি Reporting verb.
➡️ মূল আলোচনায় যাই
★ Reporting verb পরিবর্তন হয় ৫ ভাবে। এবং Reported speech পরিবর্তন হয় তিন ভাবে।
➡️ Reporting verb এর পরিবর্তন
1) Assertive Sentence এ Reporting verb উঠবে Told দ্বারা। Inverted comma উঠবে That দিয়ে। যেমন - He said to me, " I am ill." Ans: He told me that he was ill.
2. Interrogative sentence এ Reporting verb উঠবে Asked দ্বারা। Inverted comma উঠবে if/ WH দিয়ে।যেমন- He said to me " How are You?" Ans: He asked me how I was.
3. Imperative sentence এ Reporting verb উঠবে Requested, Adviced, Orderedদ্বারা। Inverted comma উঠবে To দিয়ে। যেমন- He said to me " open the door." Ans: He Requested me to open the door.
4. Optative Sentence এ Reporting verb উঠবে prayed/ wished দ্বারা। Inverted comma উঠবে That দিয়ে। যেমন- Malek said to me, " may allah bless you". Ans: Malek prayed that Allah might bless me.
5. Exclamatory Sentence এ Reporting verb উঠবে Exclaimed দ্বারা। Inverted comma উঠবে with joy that / with sorrow that দিয়ে। [Note : A very / a great = what ; very = How] যেমন- Malek said to me " what a nice bird it is!" Ans: Malek exclaimed me with joy that it was a very nice bird.
➡️ Reported Speech এর পরিবর্তন
1) Person change
2) Tense Change
3) Adverb Change
➡️ person Change : English এ person তিন প্রকার যথা:
1) 1st person.
2) 2nd person
3) 3rd person
যেমন- He said to me, "I am iil."
Ans: He told me that he was ill.[ এখানে Reported Speech এর 1st person হচ্ছে I, তাই I, Reporting verb এর Subject, He কে নিয়েছে।] উক্ত ছক না বুঝলে Narration এ সমস্যা থেকেই যাবে।
➡️ Tense Change :
1. am, is, are থাকলে was, were হবে।
2. have, has থাকলে had হবে।
3. V1 থাকলে V2 হবে।
4. Was/were+ v+ ing থাকলে had been + v+ing. হবে।
5. V2 থাকলে had+ v3 হবে।
Shall- Should
Can - Could
May - Might
Will- would
➡️ Adverb change :
Yesterday - the previous day
Today- that day
Tomorrow - the next day
Now - then
Here - there
আমরা কিছু Narration এর পরিবর্তন দেখি।
★ Assertive sentence:
He said to me, "I am reading a book. "
Ans: He told me that he was reading a book.
He said to me, " I did it."
Ans: He told me that he had done it.
He said to me, " I know you. "
He told me that he knew me.
★ Interrogative sentence :
He said to me, " what is your mother name?"
Ans: He asked me what my mother name was.
He said to me, " Is your home? "
Ans: He asked me if my home was.
★ Might, ought to, should, could, would, used to, পরিবর্তন হয় না। Note : অনুরোধ বুঝালে Might পরিবর্তন হয়। ( বাক্যটি imparative এর মতো পরিবর্তন হবে।) He said to her, " You might post the letter for me." Ans : He asked her to post the letter.
★ Must ( চিরকালীন বাধ্যবাধকতা বুঝালে) Must পরিবর্তন হয় না। Father said to me, " You must obey your mother."
★ Must থাকলে Had to হবে।
Ansi said, " I must write a letter. "
Ans: Anis said that he had to write a letterletter.
★ Thank you থাকলে >>>>>>>>> Reporting verb এর subject + Thanked + আগের নিয়ম। যেমন : Malek said to me " Thank you." Ans :Malek thanked me.
( ব্যাখ্যা- আগের নিয়ম বলতে, উক্ত বাক্যে You টি 2nd person, আমাদের কথা ছিলযে R.S এর 2nd. Peeson সব সময় R.V এর object কে অনুসরণ করবে। ক্লিয়ার না বুঝলে Facebook এ নক দেন)
★ Goodbye থাকলে >>>>>>>> Repoting verb এর পরিবর্তে bade + আগের নিয়ম। যেমন: Malek said, " "Goodbye my friends. " Ans: Malek bade his friends goodbye.
★ Good+ morning/ evening/ night থাকলে >>>>>> Reporting verb(R.V) এর পরিবর্তে Wished + RV এর object + good + morning/ evrning/ night. যেমন-Malek said to You, " good morning." Ans: Malek wished you good morning.
★ sir এর পরিবর্তে kindly / politely ব্যবহার করতে হবে। যেমন- 1) Rini said to him, " "sir, Don't go home now." Ans: Rini Orderd/ Asked him politely not to go home then.
★ বর্তমানে yes এর পরিবর্তে Replied in the affirmative এবং No এর পরিবর্তে Replied in the negative ব্যবহার করা হয় না। [PC Das এবং Wren & Martin] যেমন-
1) The teacher said to the boy, "Are you ill?" The boy replied, "No".
Ans: The teacher asked the boy if he was ill, and the boy replied that he was not.
➡️ নিজে করুন-
1. shabab said to thasin, "Did you visit the shat Ganbuj mosque? " "No, I did not." I was there last week. How beautiful the mosque is!" said shabab. Let's go there next year. " thasin said.
2. "What is the time by your watch? " said and old man. I said, "It is half past nine." He said, " I went to go to your house. " Will you accompany me. Please?" " No. I am sorry because I am going to school. " Said I.
3. Rana said to karim, "How are you?" I went to your house yesterday, but did not find you. Where did you go?" " I went to book fair, " Said karim. I had to maintain our school's stall."
বিঃদ্র- সকল নিয়ম গুলো সঠিক ভাবে কয়েকবার পড়ে, যদি অনুশীলন করা যায় তাহলে সমস্যা হবে না।
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